非谓语动词的用法1
概述:非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。都不受主语人称和数的限制(即无人称和数的变化),但有时态和语态的变化。如:He let me did it.(×)----He let me do it.(√) Lily helps me does it.(×)----Lily helps me do it.(√) She wanted to be punished by her father.
掌握非谓语动词的关键在于:弄清三大非谓语动词各种不同的结构形式、每种结构所表达的时间概念及其主被动关系;弄清楚三大非谓语动词各自所作的句子成分;不同的非谓语动词作同一句子成分时的区别;三大非谓语动词的其他特殊用法。
一、三大非谓语动词的结构形式及
每种结构所表达的时间概念及其主被动关系
(一)不定式
名称
语态
结构形式
时间概念及主被动关系
举例
一般式
主动
(not)to do
发生在谓语动作/状态之后或同时发生的主动动作
1. I want to be a teacher.
2. I saw him go out.
被动
(not) to be done
发生在谓语动作/状态之后或同时发生的被动动作
The teacher wanted the materials to be typed soon.
进行式
主动
(not) to be doing
与谓语动作/状态同时发生的动作
He happened to be working when the boss came in.
完成式
主动
(not) to have done
发生在谓语动作/状态之前的主动动作
1. I happened to have come across your brother.
2. We planned to have met each other at ten.
被动
(not) to have been done
发生在谓语动作/状态之前的被动动作
1. I’m glad to have been invited to visit your factory.
2. He expects to have been told the truth yesterday.
完成进行式
主动
(not) to have been doing
在谓语动作/状态之前一直在进行着的动作
It is a great pleasure to have been working with you.
(二)动名词
名称
语态
结构形式
时间概念及主被动关系
举例
一般式
主动
(not)doing
与谓语动作/状态同时发生的主动动作或无明显的时间性(可表经常)
1. Mike is fond of playing football. 2. Would you mind my opening the window?
被动
(not) being done
与谓语动作/状态同时发生的被动动作或无明显的时间性(可表经常)
1. He told his past without being asked
2. Being scolded isn’t a good thing.
完成式
主动
(not) having done
发生在谓语动作/状态之前的主动动作
They were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
被动
(not) having been done
发生在谓语动作/状态之前的被动动作
I remembered having been taken to Beijing three times.